Metaphors and Models for Data Mining Ethics
نویسنده
چکیده
Our regulatory institutions, broadly taken, include our moral norms and models and have not fully adapted to significant changes in data mining technology. For example, we suggest that the metaphors — Big Brother and “data mining” itself — commonly used to describe and assess this new technology are deficient, overemphasizing social discipline by the state and the passivity of the so-called data subject. We move from metaphors to a set of models more adequate for building an ethics of data mining, using a framework of informal game theory. We sketch three models of interaction: pure conflict, pure coordination, and a mixed motive cooperation game, with special application to security, health, and commerce, respectively. We recommend these three models as heuristics within a simple account of an ethics of data mining regulated by informed consent. INtrODUctION Many problems in the ethics of technology arise because our regulatory institutions, including our moral norms and mental models, take time to adapt to technological change. Data mining is a good example of this institutional inertia. Twenty years ago, (Clarke, 1988) set out a policy framework for the emerging information technologies that he called ‘dataveillance’ that now includes data mining (see Key Terms). As Clarke predicted, the growth of information technology in general, and the Internet in particular, has exacerbated the problems he catalogued. Nonetheless, neither the weak regulatory framework nor individual ignorance of common data mining practice has changed in the U.S. We will focus on the U.S. as the extreme case of a democratic society where data mining technology is highly developed and widely used but weakly regulated and poorly understood. (We will discuss the (Turow, Feldman, & Meltzer, 2005) survey data below, as well
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